Economic Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Emission Reducti\ons in Industry in the EU

Preface On its way to its current form this report has received significant input from a considerable number of experts. In particular, a panel of experts in Brussels discussed a draft version of the report on March 29 and 30, 2000 (see Annex 2 for a list of names), and made a number of specific and more general comments and suggestions. Also after the workshop many experts and industry organisations such as Ceramunie, CEPI, CEFIC, Eurofer, Europia, EISI, CPIU and others-gave the comments on the adapted version of the report. The authors would like to thank all these people for their valuable inputs into this study. For this report it was attempted to consider their suggestions wherever possible in the text. However, due to time constraints it was not always possible to discuss all comments made after the expert panel in March in the text. Specific comments are therefore added in footnotes to show the view of the experts on the information provided in this report. Within the EU, industrial activity is an important source of carbon dioxide, accounting for 40% of total direct and indirect carbon dioxide emissions in 1990 and 30% of total greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gases other than CO 2 contribute for about 5% to total greenhouse gases emitted in this sector. Indirect emissions (emissions from steam and electricity production) in this sector play an important role. Emission from energy supply that can be allocated to industry contributes to about 60% of the total emissions in this sector. Description of the sector In the sector industry 9 subsectors are distinguished: iron and steel, non-ferrous Frozen technology reference level The emission reduction potential for 2010 is calculated using an emission reference level based on frozen technology development, assuming that no energy improvement is obtained and that no reduction of specific energy consumption occurs. In the frozen technology reference level greenhouse gas emissions of the industrial sector are about 35% higher (1495 Mt in 1990 compared to about 2007 Mt of CO 2 equivalent in 2010). Table 1 gives an overview of the emission levels of CO 2 for the subsectors. Table 1. 1990 energy use, and direct (including process emission) and indirect emission (steam and electricity consumption related) of CO 2 (in Mt CO 2), and 2010 frozen technology reference level (2), thus excluding effects by efficiency improvements, fuel shift and intrasubsectoral product shifts. Fuel use, emissions …